The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders are three prominent styles of classical Greek architecture that define its aesthetic principles. Each order consists of a distinct set of features, including columns, entablatures, and pediments, that work together to produce a harmonious and visually pleasing design. These orders, along with the Caryatid, a sculpted female figure often used as a supporting column, represent the core elements that shape the grandeur and enduring legacy of classical Greek architecture.
The Entablature: A Staple of Classical Greek Architecture
The entablature is the horizontal superstructure that rests upon the columns in classical Greek architecture. It consists of three main parts: the architrave, the frieze, and the cornice.
Architrave
- The architrave is the lowest part of the entablature.
- It is usually a plain, unadorned block of stone.
- It can be further subdivided into smaller blocks called fasciae.
Frieze
- The frieze is the middle part of the entablature.
- It is often decorated with a series of sculptures called metopes, which are alternating with triglyphs, which are vertical blocks with three grooves.
- The metopes can depict a wide variety of subjects, including mythological scenes, historical events, and everyday life.
Cornice
- The cornice is the uppermost part of the entablature.
- It consists of a projecting molding that is supported by a series of brackets called modillions.
- The cornice helps to protect the entablature from the elements and gives it a finished appearance.
The proportions and decoration of the entablature vary according to the order of Greek architecture.
| Order | Architrave | Frieze | Cornice |
|---|---|---|---|
| Doric | Plain | Triglyphs and metopes | Simple molding |
| Ionic | Three fasciae | Continuous band of relief sculpture | Elaborate molding with dentils |
| Corinthian | Four fasciae | Continuous band of relief sculpture | Elaborate molding with modillions |
Question 1:
What is a characteristic feature of classical Greek architecture?
Answer:
Classical Greek architecture is characterized by the use of the column and entablature system.
Question 2:
How did the Greeks decorate the exteriors of their temples?
Answer:
The Greeks adorned the exteriors of their temples with sculptures, pediments, and friezes.
Question 3:
What distinguishes the Ionic order from the Doric order in Greek architecture?
Answer:
The Ionic order is distinguished from the Doric order by its more slender columns, volutes on the capitals, and a wider range of decorative elements.
Well, there you have it, folks! A little crash course on the staples of classical Greek architecture. I hope you enjoyed this little history lesson. If you’re into this kind of stuff, be sure to stick around for more. I’ve got plenty more where this came from. In the meantime, thanks for reading!