In the intricate molecular dance of DNA’s double helix, nucleotides form complementary base pairs that shape the genetic code. Adenine, a nitrogenous base, plays a pivotal role in this pairing mechanism. A fundamental question arises: which nitrogenous base pairs seamlessly with adenine to maintain DNA’s structural integrity and facilitate genetic information transfer?
Nitrogenous Base Pairing in DNA
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that contains the instructions for an organism’s development and characteristics. It is made up of four different types of nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These nucleotides are arranged in a specific order to form genes, which code for proteins.
In the DNA double helix, the nucleotides are arranged in pairs, with each pair forming a rung in the ladder. These pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds. The rules for base pairing are as follows:
- Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T).
- Cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).
This specific pairing ensures that the genetic code is accurately copied during cell division. The two strands of DNA can be separated, and each strand can serve as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This process ensures that each new cell receives a complete copy of the genetic material.
| Nitrogenous Base | Pairs With | Number of Hydrogen Bonds |
|---|---|---|
| Adenine (A) | Thymine (T) | 2 |
| Cytosine (C) | Guanine (G) | 3 |
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Adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds.
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Cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds.
The number of hydrogen bonds between the base pairs affects the stability of the DNA double helix. The more hydrogen bonds there are, the more stable the double helix will be. This is why the C-G base pair is more stable than the A-T base pair.
The specific base pairing rules in DNA ensure that the genetic code is accurately copied during cell division. This is essential for the proper development and functioning of organisms.
Question 1:
Which nitrogenous base in DNA forms complementary base pairs with adenine?
Answer:
Thymine forms complementary base pairs with adenine in DNA.
Question 2:
In the genetic code, what is the anticodon that pairs with a codon containing the amino acid code for glycine?
Answer:
The anticodon that pairs with a codon containing the amino acid code for glycine is C-C-C (cytosine-cytosine-cytosine).
Question 3:
When DNA is subjected to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which bond in the DNA molecule is most susceptible to breakage?
Answer:
The pyrimidine-pyrimidine bond (between two thymine or cytosine bases) in DNA is most susceptible to breakage upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
I hope this helps you understand the fascinating world of DNA. Just remember, adenine always takes thymine’s hand, leaving cytosine and guanine to dance across the genetic blueprint. Thanks for taking a peek into the secrets of life, and feel free to drop by anytime if you’re curious about more mind-boggling discoveries. Until next time, keep exploring the wonders of science!